Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

RAM的故障模型及自测试算法

通过对ＲＡＭ故障情况的全面、深入分析，建立了ＲＡＭ的功能故障模型。并在此基础上，提出一种全面、实用的故障自测试算法。该算法分三步完成测试：（１）测试ＲＡＭ中的固定为１（０）故障、固定开路故障、状态转换故障、数据保持故障及第一类耦合故障中的不相关耦合等故障；（２）测试第一类耦合故障中的相关耦合故障；（３）测试第二类耦合故障。对ＲＡＭ的故障注入试验验证了该算法的有效性。并将此算法应用于航空电子模拟器的ＢＩＴ（Ｂｕｉｌｔｉｎｔｅｓｔ）的设计中。     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.     

基于数值模拟的燃气舵轴向位置优化分析

为了优化燃气舵的安装位置,应用fluent软件对燃气舵三维湍流流场结构进行了分析,在此基础上就燃气舵安装位置对燃气舵流场的影响进行了数值模拟.通过数值模拟得到燃气舵在不同轴向位置、耳片长度和舵偏角下绕流流场的复杂波系结构,绘制了燃气舵在不同舵偏角下升力的变化曲线,给出了燃气舵可以提供的升力参量随舵偏角度变化的规律.通过分析,确定了燃气舵的轴向安装位置,数值模拟和实验结果相符.     

针栓式喷注单元膜束撞击雾化混合过程数值模拟

为了全面认识针栓式喷注器喷雾场结构，基于自适应网格加密技术和分三相计算的PLIC VOF（Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation Volume of Fluid）方法对针栓式喷注单元膜束撞击雾化混合过程进行了仿真分析，通过对两路推进剂分别进行界面追踪，获得了膜束撞击雾化混合过程的详细结构特征，与高速摄影试验结果定性定量对比均吻合较好，验证了数值方法的准确性。以此为基础对膜束撞击的喷雾场结构、撞击变形过程、流场涡结构、雾化破碎典型特征及破碎后的雾化混合分布特征进行了识别分析，结果表明：膜束撞击形成了液束未穿透液膜和液束穿透液膜2种不同的喷雾扇结构。膜束撞击形成的喷雾扇呈"Ω"形，膜束同时发生弯曲变形和横截面变形。另外，膜束撞击同时受到正压和剪切应力作用，导致了一系列复杂涡流现象，使得相互作用增强，雾化混合均增强，这也是膜束撞击喷注构型优于膜膜撞击的本质原因。最后，还发现膜束撞击喷雾场液滴分布呈现分区结构特征，分别是液束控制主导的上雾化区、液膜控制主导的下雾化区及夹在中间的混合区，实际中应兼顾雾化特性和混合特性，选取中等动量比膜束撞击，这可为针栓式喷注器的理论研究和工程设计提供重要参考。     

空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验

在定容弹内利用高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）研究了环境压力和燃油温度对空气辅助喷射系统喷雾特性的影响。试验环境压力的变化范围为0.01MPa到0.1MPa,燃油温度的变化范围为25℃到100℃。试验结果表明:随着环境压力的减小,燃油喷雾逐渐从冷态过渡到闪急沸腾状态,在喷嘴出口处喷雾气泡急剧增加。当环境压力小于0.02MPa时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,液滴速度增加,粒径减小,在喷雾近端出现喷雾膨胀现象；随着燃油温度的上升,液滴表面张力减小,液滴易于破碎。当燃油温度达到100℃时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,喷雾远端出现喷雾膨胀现象。      

2级脉冲爆震发动机中超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦试验研究

为研究2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流及结构参数对撞诱导激波聚焦的影响规律,在冷态条件下开展了2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦的试验。分析了喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷管间距、尾喷管角度、射流入射压力等参数对凹面腔底部峰值压力的影响。结果表明:喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷口间距、射流入射压力越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越大,激波聚焦效果越好;尾喷管角度越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越小,激波聚焦效果越差;喷口宽度、导流环深度、射流入射压力对激波聚焦的影响较大。     

绕圆头回转体通气空化流型的实验研究

为了深入了解通气空化流动现象,利用高速全流场显示技术,对绕圆头回转体通气空化流型进行实验研究。结果表明,重力效应和通气量对通气空化的多相流流型起主要作用。定义了弗洛德数和通气率两个无量纲数,将绕圆头回转体通气空化分为5种多相流流型,即透明空泡、透明气弹、透明分层、水气混合以及半透明水气混合。流动参数对流型的影响分为2个阶段,即重力起主要作用阶段和重力效应不明显阶段。在重力起主要作用阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,附着弹体的空泡倾斜程度变小,弹体上表面的断裂空泡转变为贴着弹体壁面的稳定空泡;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大弹体上表面断裂空泡的尺度不断增大。在重力效应不明显阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,雷诺数变大,流场的湍流强度增大,空泡尾流区域水气交换的程度加剧;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大,通气空化数减小,绕弹体的云雾状空泡逐渐转变为透明空泡。最后,进一步分析了重力影响下透明空泡脱落的非定常过程,以及反向射流作用下云雾状空泡交替脱落的非定常过程。     

翼型尾缘低频大功率合成射流的动态载荷特性研究——B：动态气动载荷特性分析

针对NACA0015翼型,设计了适用于风洞研究的尾缘低频大功率合成射流致动器,对翼型尾缘合成射流作用下的非定常气动特性进行了风洞实验研究。研究表明：尾缘合成射流与横流的相互作用能够有效改变作用在翼型上的气动载荷;单侧喷口喷/吸时,喷冲程气动力系数响应幅值约为吸冲程幅值的3倍;双侧喷口同时工作时,升力和力矩系数的幅值并不是单侧喷口单独工作时喷气幅值的简单叠加,而是处于单侧喷气幅值和喷吸幅值和之间;升力和力矩响应的幅值与喷流动量系数的平方根之间存在近似的线性关系;在动量系数不变时,升力和力矩系数响应的幅值会随减缩频率的增加而减小;给定合成射流器行程,升力和力矩响应幅值与合成射流频率之间近似呈线性关系。     

基于气化煤油喷注的RBCC燃烧室亚燃模态燃烧组织研究

针对RBCC发动机亚燃模态进行主动冷却的情况下,煤油发生气化后喷入燃烧室的燃烧组织开展研究。在亚燃模态低来流总温条件下,使用小流量富燃一次火箭高温射流作为引导火焰可以实现支板喷注二次燃料的可靠点火和稳定燃烧,当煤油喷注前加热到气化/超临界态时,燃烧室最高压力相比于室温液态煤油提高约10%左右。当关闭一次火箭后,利用凹腔成功实现火焰稳定,而使用室温液态煤油喷注时,凹腔内无法实现火焰稳定。通过数值模拟获得了不同喷注方案的燃烧室燃烧流场特征和燃烧组织过程,为进一步优化燃烧室的性能提供依据。结果分析表明通过合理布置燃料支板喷注位置,由燃料支板下游集中的燃料热释放使得气流在扩张燃烧室构型中实现"热力壅塞",通过燃料分配实现燃烧室内合理的燃烧释热分布,使RBCC发动机亚燃模态完成高效燃烧组织。